3.9 Disposition of Research Birds

3.9.1 Release of Study Birds

Whenever it is practical, researchers should release field trapped birds following the completion of their studies. However, there are exceptions to this and, as a general rule, field trapped birds should be released only:

1. At the site of the original capture (unless conservation efforts dictate otherwise).
2. Where it can be reasonably expected that the released birds will re-establish their former social status.
3. When the weather conditions and the season are conducive to survival.
4. If it is in the best interest of the study subjects, and if their ability to survive in nature has not been impaired.
5. When the released birds are not a health hazard or are otherwise detrimental to the existing populations in a specific geographic area (e.g., when they do not jeopardise the genetic integrity of a population or carry a potentially infectious disease).
6. When the birds' release is compliant with federal, provincial or local laws.

3.9.2 Euthanasia of Study Birds

Captive birds that cannot be released should, whenever possible, be distributed to colleagues for further study. However, if the bird is in chronic distress or pain, or if release or rehabilitation is neither feasible nor likely to succeed, then euthanasia may be the only alternative. If birds must be destroyed subsequent to a study, then it should be done using a method of euthanasia which is humane, instantaneous and considered to be acceptable, (see Reference section). In addition, the method of euthanasia should not interfere with any future research potential of the carcass or any specific post mortem analyses.

As a general rule, physical methods of killing birds, such as cervical dislocation (physical separation of the brain from the spinal cord) and thoracic compression are recommended for use on small birds during field studies. In some situations, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and anaesthetic overdoses are also suitable methods of euthanasia. In both the field and the laboratory, the investigator must be careful to ensure that euthanized birds are dead before disposal. Disposal of carcasses must be in accordance with acceptable practices as required by municipal or institutional regulations. Birds containing toxic substances or drugs should not be disposed of in areas where they may be scavenged or become part of the natural food chain.