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| A Guide to Photodocumentation for Aquatic Inventory Prepared by
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Photodocumentation is a major part of watershed, stream and lake inventories. The ability of a worker to extract useful information from a photograph will depend on: the photo subject, the quality of the image, proper storage of the image, knowledge of the photo's existence, and the ability to retrieve and view the image.
This guidebook identifies required and recommended photo subjects. The capture and storage of images are discussed in light of an ever-growing range of options (i.e., film types, automated camera features, digital cameras, digitised video images, digitised film images).
Ground-based photodocumentation is addressed in this guidebook, as aerial photography and videography are reviewed elsewhere.
Funding of the Resources Inventory Committee work, including the preparation of this document, is provided by the Corporate Resource Inventory Initiative (CRII) and by Forest Renewal BC (FRBC). Preliminary work of the Resources Inventory Committee was funded by the Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement of Forest Resource Development FRDA II.
The Resources Inventory Committee consists of representatives from various ministries and agencies of the Canadian and the British Columbia governments as well as from First Nations peoples. RIC objectives are to develop a common set of standards and procedures for the provincial resources inventories, as recommended by the Forest Resources Commission in its report "The Future of our Forests".
For further information about the Resources Inventory Committee and its various Task Forces, please contact:
The Executive Secretariat
Resources Inventory Committee
840 Cormorant Street
Victoria, BC V8W 1R1
Tel: (250) 920-0661
Fax: (250) 384-1841
http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/risc/
Aquatic Ecosystems Task Force
This report (text and illustrations) was prepared by Darlene Boyle, of Osprey Environmental Services, Vancouver, B.C. Tony Cheong of B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (MELP), Fisheries Branch served as contract authority. David Coombes (also of Fisheries Branch) shared his knowledge of photodocumentation through his "R.A.B. Photo Notes" and in conversations with the author.
Early drafts of the photo survey forms were reviewed by T. Cheong, D. Coombes, Bernd Schubert, Lynne Bonner and Dave Tredger (all of MELP), Dan Hogan and Ted Murray (both of B.C. Ministry of Forests). The author also appreciates the comments received from reviewers of the final draft of the guidebook: T. Cheong, D. Coombes, Jeff Burrows and Paul Giroux (all of MELP).
The author is also grateful to Betty Walsh, of the B.C. Archives and Records Service, for providing a reading list and practical advice on the preservation of photos.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.3.2 BRIDGE OR ZOOM-LENS-REFLEX CAMERAS
3.3.2 SINGLE LENS REFLEX (SLR) CAMERAS
3.3.3 TWIN LENS REFLEX (TLR) CAMERAS
5.0 THE EFFECTS OF FOCAL LENGTH AND CAMERA PLACEMENT ON A PHOTO
10.0 PRESERVATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
10.1 RELATIVE STABILITY OF VARIOUS FILM MATERIALS
APPENDIX 1 REQUIRED AND RECOMMENDED PHOTO SUBJECTS FOR RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL STREAM AND LAKE INVENTORIES
APPENDIX 2 STANDARD CAMERA AND FILM FEATURES FOR RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL STREAM AND LAKE INVENTORIES
APPENDIX 3 COMPOSITE TEST IMAGE PREPARED FROM KODAK PHOTO CD DEMONSTRATION DISK
APPENDIX 4 PHOTO SURVEY FORMS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEIR COMPLETION
APPENDIX 5 MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING DEVICES MENTIONED IN THE TEXT
APPENDIX 6 SUPPLIERS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC STORAGE MATERIALS
APPENDIX 7 TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 The size of commonly-used film formats
Figure 2 The focal length of a simple lens is the distance from the lens to the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity..
Figure 3 The effects of focal length and camera placement on image size and perspective
Figure 4 (a)When depth of field is shallow (e.g., with large apertures), close objects appear out of focus when distant objects are focused on. (b) Conversely, distant objects may appear out of focus if close objects are focused on. (c) When depth of field increases (e.g., with small apertures), both close and distant objects can be in focus.
Figure 5 The hyperfocal distance is the nearest point that can be focused on while having an object at infinity appear sharp..
Figure 6 Determining the hyperfocal distance from the lens barrel guides.
Figure 7 Equivalent exposure values can be produced by various combinations of aperture, shutter speed and film speed
Figure 8 Slide labeling recommended in R.A.B. Photo Notes (Coombes 1978)...
Figure 9 Proposed slide labeling to incorporate photo database reference number and slides obtained from other agencies or contractors
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Lens type for various combinations of focal lengths and negative formats
Table 2 Some useful filters for general photography
Table 3 Color print films recommended for their image quality or ease of use by Photographic (1995a, 1996), or for the storage characteristics of the exposed negatives
Table 4 Color slide films recommended by Photographic (1995b, 1996)
Table 5 Black-and-white print films recommended by Photographic (1995c, 1996)
Table 6 Characteristics of some specialty films
Table 7 Image resolutions available with Kodak Photo CD system, and uncompressed bitmap (BMP) file size associated with each resolution.
Table 8 Color slide films recommended for projection, and recommended maximum accumulated projection times for original slides or nonreplaceable duplicate slides
Table 9 Criteria for film enlosures listed in Standard IT9.2-1988 of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
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