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This manual covers the minimum requirements to ensure quality and consistency of the field aspects of biological data collection. The essential tasks in biological sampling are to collect representative samples that meet the requirements of the program, and to prevent deterioration and contamination of the samples before analysis. The procedures outlined in this manual are oriented primarily towards BC Environment employees, consultants, or those under a legal requirement to undertake a sampling program for the Ministry. Following the protocols outlined in this manual will aid field staff in collecting reliable, representative samples.
The protocols presented here are the most acceptable ones used at present. It should be emphasized that in unusual circumstances or with development of new methods, experienced professional judgment is a necessary component of method choice and application. It is intended that this document will be updated as the need arises to incorporate new knowledge. For specialized sampling needs, considerable literature exists and should be consulted. This is particularly the case with benthic stream invertebrates.
The importance of entering standardized field data into a database (Environmental Monitoring System, EMS, for BC Environment) that is accessible to others, needs to be stressed. Field data become useful information when they have been collected following standard protocols and exist in a form that is easily retrieved for a variety of purposes.
This manual does not address the collection of samples for the purpose of providing legal evidence. For information regarding legal sampling refer to Guidelines for the Collection and Analyses of Water and Wastewater Samples for Legal Evidence (Lynch and van Aggelen, 1994).
This document also does not address project design (site locations, frequency of sampling, duration, quality assurance program, etc.) or data interpretation. These topics are the subject of a separate document.
The sample containers, preservatives and sampling procedures described in this manual reflect those generally used by BC Environment staff. Shipping procedures and safety measures are also outlined. Different agencies or laboratories may have specifications which differ from those described here.
It should be acknowledged that funding for the initial manuscript upon which this manual is based was provided by the Aquatic Inventory Task Force of the Resource Inventory Committee.
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