REFERENCES ORDERED BY NUMBER WITH ANNOTATION
References used in compiling Tables I and 2, organised by REF number as on the tables. There are occasionally other references for the same projects which were not consulted due to factors such as useful summaries in later works or the need to sub-sample for this project. The majority of these references are cut and pasted from several Archaeology Branch text files which comprise the most up to date edition of their Annotated Bibliography (Archaeology Branch 1992). The majority of reports were selected using key word searches as described in the main body of this report. The formatting is rearranged in some places, and some of the annotations are edited to reflect the use made of the reports in this project. Otherwise, it is primarily a re-organised version of selections from the published diskette.
I Probabilistic survey, high altitude
Alexander, Diana and R.G. Matson
1986 |
Preliminary report onPotato MountainArchaeological Project. Permit 1985-11. HCB. 98pp. Map 92 N. |
Funding: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. (research).
A probabilistic survey of alpine tundra and parkland environments found sites limited to the parkland area.
Numerous cache pits and smaller numbers of roasting pits were found. Findings point to a model of intensive summer use of parkland for mountain potato harvesting by very large groups of people from different wintering bands. An analysis of lithic scatters with an ethnoarchaeological model of site use considers the influence of site function on interassemblage variability. Cultural depressions (roasting and cache pits; house pit) and lithic scatters were excavated. Interpretation of pit function and construction was tested, awaiting C14 dates.
I Probabilistic survey, high altitude
Alexander, Diana and R.G. Matson
1987 |
Report on the Potato Mountain archaeological project (1985). Permit 1985-11. HCB. 105pp. +
|
Funding: SSHRC (research).
Sites in alpine and subalpine environments were recorded and collected. Large lithic scatters were collected in the Potato Mountain and adjacent Eagle Lake areas; a preliminary analysis is presented. Test excavations were conducted at a variety of sites with C14 dates ranging from 100 +/-60 to 2220 +/- 80. A large stemmed point suggests use of the area as early as 7 to 8000 years BP.
I Probabilistic survey, high altitude
Alexander, Diana, R. Tyhurst, L. Bumard-Hogarth and R.G. Matson
1985 |
A preliminary ethnoarchaeological investigation of the Potato Mountain Range and the Eagle Lake
|
Funding: Canadian Ethnic Studies program (research). The study was designed to research traditional Chilcotin land use pattems and material culture and interpret local prehistory. Archaeological survey yielded 31 sites. Traditional use and construction of Chilcotin features is discussed.
2 Probabilistic - river valley
Alexander, Diana
1982 |
An inventory and assessment of heritage resources at the Peace River - site C damsite. M.O.
|
Funding: B.C. Hydro (EIA). The purpose of the study was to locate, evaluate and test excavate archaeological resources near the proposed site C damsite. Probabilistic and judgemental survey yielded 6 new sites. Sixteen sites were evaluated. HbRf 62 is considered significant and represents a large undisturbed multicomponent site on the south bank of the Peace River.
2 Probabilistic - river valley
Alexander, Diana
1983 |
The limitations of traditional surveying techniques in a forested environment. Journal of Field
|
2 Probabilistic - river valley
Spurling, Brian E.
1979 |
A status report on the activities of the Peace River archaeological project. Pemmit 1978-14. HCB.
|
Funding: B. C. Hydro (EIA).
Field studies were directed at increasing the survey sample size of the proposed Site C reservoir area and assessing the value of heritage sites in the region. Stratified random survey resulted in location of 74 sites bringing the total to 315 sites in the study area based on about 12% coverage. (An estimation of 729 sites for the entire study area is made). Two systematic surface collections were made, 2 sites (HaRk I and HaRk 14) were test excavated and 6 sites were tested using a new method for detemmining site size and content.
3 Probabilistic - river valley
Apland, Brian C.
1980 |
Stikine-Iskut Hydroelectric Project Stage 2 detailed heritage impact assessment, 1980 end of season summation. Pemmit n/a. IOpp. Map 104 B, G, H, I, J. |
Funding: B.C. Hydro.
This letter report describes the results of a systematic survey of the potential reservoir areas of the proposed Stikine and Iskut hydroelectric dams. A random quadrat approach was employed using I km2 quadrats and designed to survey 25% of the reservoir area, to test observations and predictions resulting from a 1979 study. Six heritage sites were recorded, 2 of which were prehistoric (IaTm 1, IaT1 2). IaTm I was interpreted as a kill site located at a cariboo crossing while IaT1 2 was interpreted as a temporary camp site. This report contains the clearest methodological statement for the probabilistic aspects of this project.
3 Probabilistic - river valley
Apland, Brian C.
1980 |
Preliminary archaeological study of the proposed Stikine Iskut hydroelectric development. Pemnit
|
Funding: B.C. Hydro (EIA).
A variety of probabilistic and judgemental sampling techniques were employed in an area proposed for hydroelectric development to determine appropriate future survey techniques and evaluate resource potential. Four sites were found and judgemental survey was recommended for later project stages.
3 Probabilistic - river valley
Wilson, Ian R. (I.R. Wilson Consultants)
1984 |
Stikine-Iskut development heritage resources impact assessment summary volurne. Permit 1983-35.
|
Funding: B.C. Hydro (EIA).
This volume represents a summary report on four seasons of research on a large proposed hydroelectric project. 39 sites, several recent use sites and seven heritage buildings are identified. Prehistoric sites are small, briefly occupied and probably related to winter hunting. One stratified site is an exception.
Apland, Brian
1993 |
Personal communication with Alexander Mackie |
4 Probabilistic, high altitude to valley bottom
Baker, James
1974 |
Report on the archaeological research done in the Lytton Region, May to August 1974. Permit
|
Funding: Canada Council Grant (research).
Designed to determine the site density and resource utilization patterns within the three ecological zones defined for the region and to determine the season of occupation and the activities conducted at sites in the highest ecological zones. Thirty-one sites were located. Excavation of an area containing mat lodge, earth oven, and open sites was conducted on the basis of stratified random sampling units. Research design and excavation supervision by Morley Eldridge who has added his personal knowledge to the coding of these data for this report.
5 Probabilistic, stream/creek shores
Baker, James
1975 |
Okanagan College archaeological research project. Report of the first stages of a multi-stage research
|
Funding: ASAB (research).
Designed to consolidate and co-ordinate archaeological research in the Okanagan Valley, and to initiate systematic survey employing ethnographic leads, private knowledge and probabilistic survey techniques to totally delineate the resource area of the Okanagan Indian bands north of the 49th parallel. Forty-three sites were located.
5 Probabilistic, stream/creek shores
Lawhead, Steven
1975 |
Okanagan Valley Random Quadrat Survey 1975. Report in partial fulfilment of the requirements under permit 1975-14 issued to James Baker at Okanagan College, Kelowna, B.C. Bound with Baker 1975 in Archaeology Branch Library. Permit 1975-14. 35pp. Map 82 E, 92 H. |
6 Probabilistic - lakeshore/ rivershore
Ball, Bruce, F.
I978 |
Heritage resources of the Northeast Coal Study: the NEC heritage project 1977- 1978. Permit 1977-7.
|
Funding: ? (EIA).
Designed to assess the nature and extent of heritage resources in the region threatened with destruction by development. Twenty-six historic sites were recorded through stratified random sampling procedures. Excavation at GiRi 4 revealed a lack of diagnostic artifacts and few non- diagnostic artifacts. A paleocultural sequence for the NEC Core area is tentatively presented.
6 Probabilistic lakeshore/ rivershore
Ball. Bruce F.
1980 |
Regional sampling in a forested situation: archaeology and the Northeast Coal study. M.A.
|
7 Probabilistic, high altitude to valley bottom
Beirne, Patricia D., and David L. Pokotylo
1979 |
Hat Creek project: inventory, assessment and evaluation of the cultural heritage resources. Permit
|
Funding: B.C. Hydro (EIA).
Prior to development of a thermal generation project, archaeological studies were conducted in the areas likely to be affected by construction. Random quadrat study was used; a 7.8% sample in the first year (Phase 1) and "more than" 7.8% during Phase 2. Phase I resulted in 85 sites; Phase 2 year I in 101 sites and Phase 2 year 2 in 13 sites (all prehistoric). Different predictions of site numbers in study areas are also made (each year encompasses a different study area). Considerable effort was made to geographically separate site types and as a result, 29 "archaeological zones" are identified. Nineteen historic sites were recorded. Test excavations yielded large numbers of artifacts and a sequence of C-14 dates. It is estimated that 200-300 sites may be adversely affected by the project. A site assessment scheme is applied to heritage resources found during the project.
7 Probabilistic high valley
Pokotylo, David L.
1976 |
Preliminary archaeological impact assessment of the proposed Upper Hat Creek development. Permit
|
Funding: B. C. Hydro (EIA).
Designed to survey and test localities in conflict with potential development. A probability sample survey of the area located 68 sites, and on the basis of this, it was estimated that the area contained a minimum of 777 sites. The dominant category of material culture is the chipped-stone industry, while the researcher concludes that the main prehistoric occupation appears to be conoentrated in the Early Nesikep cultural period of 7000 to 2800 years ago.
7 Probabilistic high valley
Pokotylo, David L.
1979 |
An archaeological impact assessment of the proposed Hat Creek thermal electric development Phase 1. In: Annual Report for the year 1976: activities of the Provincial Archaeologist's Office of British Columbia and selected research reports. pplOO-156. Map 92 I. |
Funding: B. C. Hydro (EIA).
An initial probability sample of part of a project area potentially affected by a thermal generation project yielded 85 sites predominated by a chipped stone industry. The main prehistoric occupation is concentrated in the "Early Nesikep" period (7000-2800 B.P.)
8 Probabilistic lakeshore
Blacklaws, R., S. Fuller and C. Trauman
1984 |
B.C. Hydro Homathko development generation preliminary heritage inventory and assessment.
|
Funding: B.C. Hydro (EIA).
Survey using judgemental and random sampling techniques yielded 29 sites (9 historic) and identified areas of heritage potential. Sites are briefly evaluated and future programs are outlined.
9 Probabilistic shoreline - lakeshore
Burley, David V.
1975 |
Skeena III preliminary report: the archaeology of Morice Lake. Permit 1975-4. HCB. l 5pp. Map 93 E, L. |
Funding: ASAB (research).
Designed to locate sites around the shores of Morice and McBride Lakes, a shoreline survey and random transect survey was undertaken. Twenty-six sites were recorded, all within lOOm of water bodies. The maps and descriptions in this report were supplemented by reference to the inventory data in order to determine numbers of previously recorded sites included in survey transects.
10 Probabilistic valley bottom
Eldridge, Morley and Ann Eldridge
1980 |
An evaluation of the Heritage resource potential of the Dean River Valley. Permit 1979-21. HCB. 156pp. + Appendix. Map 93 C. |
Funding: HCB (research).
The study was undertaken to provide a regional data base. Judgemental and statistically based survey yielded 17 sites bringing the regional data base to 91. Detailed background is provided and a potential rating of the region is provided.
11 Probabilistic valley bottom, intensive shoreline, lakeshore
Eldridge, Morley
1981 |
The heritage resources of the Slocan Valley: an inventory and evaluation. Non-permit. HCB. p.
|
Funding: HCB (research).
Simple random quadrat survey as well as judgemental and systematic lakeshore survey was conducted to estimatQ the density and variety of heritage sites in the Slocan Valley. Three sites were recorded in quadrat survey, 21 in judgemental survey. Thirty historic sites were found as well.
12 Probabilistic - plateau
Eldridge, Morley
1976 |
Survey sampling on the Fraser Plateau. Permit 1975-4. HCB. p. Map 92 O. |
Funding: B.C. Forest Service (research).
A random sampling survey using m quadrats was employed to compare results against judgemental survey. Thirty-five sites were found, 7 in quadrats. The researcher feels that area site density using quadrat survey grossly underestimates true site density. This finding is credited to forest cover obscuring sites.